The 4.2 acre Enid Haupt roof garden on the Independence Avenue side of the Smithsonian Castle building was constructed in 1987 with a $ 1.5 million gift from philanthropist and garden patron Enid A. Haupt. Replacing the Victorian gardens behind the 1855 Gothic building designed by James Renwick as the original home for the Smithsonian Institution, the gardens at first glance do not appear to be a roof garden. Designed by Sasaki Associates in conjunction with Lester Collins, the gardens are atop a group of museum buildings housing both the National Museum of African Art and the Arthur M. Sackler Museum, with . 96% of the museum structure below grade. Two granite pavilions, 35’ high and 90’ long, present the public face of the two museums within the formal garden. A central parterre is aligned with the Castle, and complementary gardens, distinctly different in geographical style, lie on either side, connected by a series of brick paths. The plant palette includes many mature spring flowering ornamentals as well as large shade trees and the Victorian herbaceous plants provide color year-round.