The following selected bibliography is meant as a starting point for further research on each protest and the movements behind them:


Alcatraz Island

Bratt, Benjamin, Jon Plutte, James M Fortier, and Mike Yearling. Alcatraz Is Not an Island. DVD. Berkeley, CA: Berkeley Media LLC, 2002.

Chappell, Gordon. “Alcatraz.” National Register of Historic Places Inventory/Nomination Form. National Park Service, Western Regional Office, San Francisco, June 23, 1976.

Deloria, Vine. Custer Died for Your Sins: an Indian Manifesto. Norman: University of Oklahoma Press, 1988.

Dunbar-Ortiz, Roxanne. “Ghost Dance Prophecy: a Nation is Coming.” In An Indigenous Peoples' History of the United States. Boston: Beacon Press, 2014.

Heidenreich, Linda. “Stories of Settler-Colonizers, and of the Colonized”. In “This Land Was Mexican Once”: Histories of Resistance from Northern California. Austin, TX, 2007.

War Jack, LaNada. “Reflections of Alcatraz.” In Gathering Native Scholars: UCLA's Forty Years of American Indian Culture and Research, ed. Kenneth Lincoln. Los Angeles, Calif.: UCLA American Indian Studies Center, 2009.


Biscayne Bay “Wade-Ins”

Bush, Gregory Wallace. “Wade-In: Lawson Thomas and the Potent Combination of Direct Action and Negotiation.” In White Sand Black Beach: Civil Rights, Public Space, and Miami's Virginia Key. Gainesville: University Press of Florida, 2016.

Cole, Vicki L. “Virginia Key Beach Park.” National Register of Historic Places Inventory/Nomination Form. Bureau of Historic Preservation, Tallahassee, June 28, 2002.

Banks, Fred. “Modes of law practice.” In Voices of Civil Rights Lawyers: Reflections from the Deep South, 1964-1980, ed. Kent Spriggs, Gainesville: University Press of Florida, 2017.

Winsboro, Irvin D. S., ed. Old South, New South, or down South?: Florida and the Modern Civil Rights Movement. Morgantown: West Virginia University Press, 2009.


Druid Hills

Beveridge, Charles E., Lauren Meier, and Irene Mills. “Druid Hills, Atlanta, Georgia.” Frederick Law Olmsted: Plans and Views of Communities and Private Estates. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press, 2020.

Birnbaum, Charles A., Arleyn A. Levee, and Dena Tasse-Winter. Experiencing Olmsted: the Enduring Legacy of Frederick Law Olmsted's North American Landscapes. Portland, Oregon: Timber Press, 2022.

Cloues, Richard and Kenneth H. Thomas, Jr. “Druid Hills Historic District.” National Register of Historic Places Inventory/Nomination Form. Historic Preservation Sec., Georgia DNR, Atlanta, October 25, 1979.

Howett, Catherine M. “Atlanta’s ‘Great Park’ Controversy: A Crisis in Urban Landscape Values.” Environmental Review: ER 10, no. 1 (1986): 17–30.

Lyon, Elizabeth A. “Druid Hills Parks and Parkways, Atlanta, Georgia.” National Register of Historic Places Inventory/Nomination Form. Advisory Committee on Landmarks and Historic Sites of the Atlanta Civic Design Commission, Atlanta, December 11, 1974.

Richarson, Jennifer J. and Spencer Tunnell II. “Intrusions and Threats to Olmsted’s Plan.” In Images of America: Olmsted’s Linear Park. Charleston: Arcadia Publishing, 2022.


Fisk University

Anderson, James D. “Training the Apostles of Liberal Culture: Black Higher Education, 1900–1935.” In The Education of Blacks in the South, 1860-1935. Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press, 1988.

Briggs, Gabriel A. “‘Before I'd be a slave’: the Fisk University protests, 1924-1925.” In The New Negro in the Old South. New Brunswick, New Jersey: Rutgers University Press, 2015.

Lamon, Lester C. “The Black Community in Nashville and the Fisk University Student Strike of 1924-1925.” The Journal of Southern History 40, no. 2 (1974): 225–44. https://doi.org/10.2307/2206893.

Lovett, Bobby L. “Uplifting the Race: Higher Education.” In The African-American History of Nashville, Tennessee, 1780-1930: Elites and Dilemmas. Fayetteville: University of Arkansas Press, 1999.

Pilsk, Berle and Percy Looney. “Fisk University Historic District.” National Register of Historic Places Inventory/Nomination Form. Percy Pilsk, Architect, AIA, Nashville, February 9, 1978.


Gallaudet University

Christiansen, John B, and Sharon N Barnartt. Deaf President Now!: the 1988 Revolution at Gallaudet University. Washington, D.C.: Gallaudet University Press, 1995.

King Jordan, I. “DPN and the evolution of the Gallaudet presidency.” In A Fair Chance in the Race of Life: the Role of Gallaudet University in Deaf History, Greenwald, Brian H, and John V Van Cleve, eds. Washington, DC: Gallaudet University Press, 2008.

The History of Gallaudet University: 150 Years of a Deaf American Institution. Washington, DC: Gallaudet University Press, 2014.

Robins Brown, T. “Gallaudet College Historic District.” National Register of Historic Places Inventory/Nomination Form. National Planning Commission Historic Preservation Office joint District of Columbia. National Capital, Washington D.C., September 10, 1974.


Grant Park

Gould, Lewis L. “Democratic Disaster at Chicago.” 1968: The Election That Changed America. 2nd ed. Chicago: Ivan R. Dee, 2010.

Hendershot, Heather. “Breaking the News, Chicago Style.” When the News Broke: Chicago 1968 and the Polarizing of America. Chicago: The University of Chicago Press, 2022.

Kusch, Frank. “‘A perfect mess": convention week.” In Battleground Chicago: the Police and the 1968 Democratic National Convention / Frank Kusch. Westport, Conn.: Praeger, 2004.

Sniderman, Julia and William W. Tippens. “Grant Park.” National Register of Historic Places Inventory/Nomination Form. Chicago Park District, Chicago, July 21, 1993.

Denevi, Timothy. “The Battle of Michigan Avenue.” In Freak Kingdom: Hunter S. Thompson’s Manic Ten-Year Crusade against American Fascism. New York: Public Affairs, 2018.


Independence Mall

Gittings, Barbara. Gays in Library Land: the Gay and Lesbian Task Force of the American Library Association, the First Sixteen Years. Philadelphia, PA: B. Gittings, 1990.

Kameny, Frank. Gay Is Good: the Life and Letters of Gay Rights Pioneer Franklin Kameny. Edited by Michael G. Long. First edition. Syracuse, New York: Syracuse University Press, 2014.

Kisseloff, Jeff. “Frank Kameny The Pioneer.” In Generation on Fire: Voices of Protest from the 1960s: an Oral History. Lexington: University Press of Kentucky, 2007.

Marcus, Eric. “1968-1973: Liberation.” In Making Gay History: the Half-Century Fight for Lesbian and Gay Equal Rights. New York: Perennial, 2002.

Tobin, Kay, and Randy Wicker. The Gay Crusaders. Reprint ed. New York: Arno Press, 1975.

Toogood, Anna Coxe. “Independence National Historical Park.” National Register of Historic Places Inventory/Nomination Form. Independence National Historical Park, Philadelphia, March 4, 1988.


Mississippi River Levee

Begue, Gabrielle. “Woodland Plantation.” National Register of Historic Places Inventory/Nomination Form. Clio Associates LLC, New Orleans, October 4, 2017.

Eddie "Papa Duke" Edwards - Gone but Not Forgotten a Memorial Tribute.” Louis Armstrong Foundation, Inc. YouTube Video.

Follett, Richard J. The Sugar Masters: Planters and Slaves in Louisiana's Cane World, 1820-1860. Baton Rouge: Louisiana State University Press, 2007.

Hall, Gwendolyn Midlo. Africans in Colonial Louisiana: the Development of Afro-Creole Culture in the Eighteenth Century. Baton Rouge: Louisiana State University Press, 1992.

Kelley, Blair Murphy. Black Folk: the Roots of the Black Working Class. First edition. New York, NY: Liveright Publishing Corporation, a division of W.W. Norton & Company, 2023

New York Times Company. The 1619 Project: a New Origin Story. Edited by Nikole Hannah-Jones, Caitlin Roper, Ilena Silverman, and Jake Silverstein. First edition. New York: One World, 2021.

Rasmussen, Daniel. American Uprising: the Untold Story of America's Largest Slave Revolt. New York, NY: Harper, 2011.

Rogers, J. David. “Historical Background on the New Orleans Levee System.” University of Missouri-Rolla: Natural Hazards Mitigation Institute. Presentation.


National Chicano Moratorium March in Los Angeles

Davis, Mike, and Jon Wiener. “War on the Eastside: the Chicano moratorium.” Set the Night on Fire: L.A. in the Sixties. London: Verso, 2020.

Garza, Melita M. 2024. “Ruben Salazar: Beyond Postage Stamp Memory.” Journalism History 50 (3): 191–94. doi:10.1080/00947679.2024.2347151.

Kratz, Jessie. “El Movimiento: The Chicano Movement and Hispanic Identity in the United States.” Pieces of History (blog), September 23, 2021.

Library of Congress. “A Latinx Resource Guide: Civil Rights Cases and Events in the United States- 1970: National Chicano Moratorium.” https://guides.loc.gov/latinx-civil-rights/national-chicano-moratorium#s-lib-ctab-27072236-1.

Lyons, Allison M., Yoder Duane, Amanda, von Ahrens, Audrey, and Teresa Grimes. “National Chicano Moratorium March August 29,1970.” National Register of Historic Places Inventory/Nomination Form. GPA Consulting, Inc., Los Angeles, November, 2020.

Myrdahl, Thomas. “A Question of Freedom.” Master’s thesis, Loyola Marymount University, 1971. Video.

Salazar, Ruben. Border Correspondent: Selected Writings, 1955-1970. Edited by Mario T. García. Berkeley: University of California Press, 1995.


Pike Place Public Market Historical District

Langdon, Philip, Shibley, Robert G., and Polly Welch. “The Market as Organizer of an Urban Community: Pike Place Market, Seattle.” Urban Excellence. New York, N.Y.: Van Nostrand Reinhold, 1990.

Shorett, Alice, and Murray Morgan. Soul of the City: the Pike Place Public Market. Updated ed. Seattle: The Market Foundation, 2007.

Steinbrueck, Victor. Market Sketchbook. 1St paperback ed. Seattle: University of Washington Press, 1978.

Steinbrueck, Victor. “Pike Place Public Market Historic District.” National Register of Historic Places Inventory/Nomination Form. Seattle Chapter, American Institute of Architects, Seattle, March 13, 1970.


Tent City

Jennings, James, and Mel King, eds. From Access to Power: Black Politics in Boston. Cambridge, Mass.: Schenkman Books, 1986.

King, Mel. Chain of Change: Struggles for Black Community Development. Boston: South End Press, 1981.

Myers, Marcia, and Deborah Gott-lin. “South End District.” National Register of Historic Places Inventory/Nomination Form. Massachusetts Historical Commission, Boston, May 8, 1973.

Tent City.” WHDH Collection, Boston TV News Digital Library. Video, 33:51.

Tent City affordable housing.” Ten O’ Clock News Collection, Boston TV News Digital Library. Video, 3:22.

Tent City, Coplety Place Construction.” Ten O’Clock News Collection, Boston TV News Digital Library. Video, 17:32.

Urban Renewal’s Effect on Low Income Housing in Boston’s South End.” Urban Planning Ai, Inc. October, 1967.


Washington Square Park

Caro, Robert A. Speech at event honoring recipients of the Rockefeller Foundation’s Jane Jacobs Medal, New York, NY, September 2008.

Fishman, Robert. “Revolt of the URBS: Robert Moses and His Critics.” In Robert Moses and the Modern City: the Transformation of New York, Ballon, Hilary, and Kenneth T. Jackson, eds. New York: W. W. Norton & Co., 2007.

Flint, Anthony. “The Battle of Washington Square Park.” Wrestling with Moses: How Jane Jacobs Took on New York's Master Builder and Transformed the American City. New York: Random House, 2009.

Folpe, Emily Kies. It Happened on Washington Square. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press, 2002.

Jacobs, Jane. The Death and Life of Great American Cities. Random House, Inc., 2002 ed. New York: Random House, 2002.

Spencer-Ralph. “Greenwich Village Historic District.” National Register of Historic Places Inventory/Nomination Form. NYS Parks and Rec., Division for Historic Preservation, Albany, June 19,1979.


West 67th Street Playgrounds

Caro, Robert A. “Tavern in the Town.” In The Power Broker: Robert Moses and the Fall of New York. New York: Vintage Books, 1975.

Gotkin, Michael. “The Politics of Play: the Adventure Playground in Central Park.” In Preserving Modern Landscape Architecture: Papers from the Wave Hill-National Park Service Conference, ed. Charles Birnbaum, United States National Park Service. Cambridge, Mass.: Spacemaker Press, 1999.

Heintzelman, Patricia. “Central Park.” National Register of Historic Places Inventory/Nomination Form. Historic Sites Survey, National Park Service, Washington D.C., May 23, 1963.

Warsh, Marie, and M. Paul Friedberg. “Adventure playground and the playground revolution.” Central Park's Adventure-Style Playgrounds: Renewal of a Midcentury Legacy. Baton Rouge: Louisiana State University Press, 2019.